Space & Astronomy/Space and Astronomy (October 1993).iso/pc/text/stskits/sts_52.pre

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                              STS-52 PRESS KIT
                                 OCTOBER, 1992



PUBLIC AFFAIRS CONTACTS

NASA Headquarters

Office of Space Flight/Office of Space Systems Development
Mark Hess/Jim Cast/Ed Campion
(Phone:  [phone])

Office of Space Science and Applications
Paula Cleggett-Haleim/Mike Braukus/Brian Dunbar
(Phone:  [phone])

Office of Commercial Programs
Barbara Selby
(Phone:  [phone])

Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology
Drucella Andersen/Les Dorr
(Phone:  [phone])

Office of Safety & Mission Quality/Office of Space Communications
Dwayne Brown
(Phone:  [phone])


Ames Research Center                Langley Research Center
Jane Hutchison                      Jean Drummond Clough
(Phone:  [phone])              (Phone:  [phone])

Dryden Flight Research Facility     Lewis Research Center
Nancy Lovato                        Mary Ann Peto
(Phone:  [phone])              (Phone:  [phone])

Goddard Space Flight Center         Marshall Space Flight Center
Susan Marucci                       June Malone
(Phone:  [phone])              (Phone:  [phone])

Jet Propulsion Laboratory           Stennis Space Center
James Wilson                        Myron Webb
(Phone:  [phone])              (Phone:  [phone])

Johnson Space Center                Wallops Flight Center
James Hartsfield                    Keith Koehler
(Phone:  [phone])              (Phone:  [phone])

Kennedy Space Center
Lisa Malone
(Phone:  [phone])


CONTENTS

GENERAL BACKGROUND
     General Release                  3
     Media Services Information       6
     Quick-Look-Facts                 7
     Summary of Major Activities      8
     Payload and Vehicle Weights      9
     Trajectory Sequence of Events    10
     Space Shuttle Abort Modes        11
     Pre-Launch Processing            12

CARGO BAY PAYLOADS
     Laser Geodynamics Satellite (LAGEOS)      13
     U.S. Microgravity Payload (USMP)          18
     Attitude Sensor Package (ASP)             21
     Canadian Experiments (CANEX)              22
     Space Technology And Science Experiments  23
     Tank Pressure Control Experiment (TPCE)   29

MIDDECK PAYLOADS
     Physiological Systems Experiment (PSE)        29
     Heat Pipe Performance Experiment (HPP)        31
     Shuttle Plume Impingement Experiment (SPIE)   32
     Commercial Materials Dispersion Apparatus
          ITA Experiment (CMIX)                    32
     Crystals by Vapor Transport Experiment (CVTE) 35
     Commercial Protein Crystal Growth (CPCG)      36

CREW BIOGRAPHIES & MISSION MANAGEMENT
     STS-52 Crew Biographies                       39
     Mission Management for STS-52                 42
     Shuttle Missions                              45









RELEASE:  92-153                              October 1992


COLUMBIA TO DEPLOY LAGEOS-II, SERVE AS TECHNOLOGY TESTBED

    Shuttle flight STS-52 will be an ambitious mission,
demonstrating the versatility of orbiter Columbia as a
satellite launcher, science platform and technology testbed.
Launch is planned for Oct. 15 from the Kennedy Space Center,
Fla.  The 9-day, 20-hour and 54-minute mission is scheduled
to land on Oct. 25 at the Kennedy center.

    A crew of six and 11 major payloads will be aboard
Columbia's 13th mission, the 51st Space Shuttle flight.
Mission Commander is James Wetherbee with Michael Baker the
Pilot.  Mission specialists are Charles Lacy Veach, William
Shepherd and Tamara Jernigan.  Steve MacLean is the Payload
Specialist and the third Canadian citizen to fly aboard the
Shuttle.

LAGEOS 2 - Small Satellite, Big Results

    Columbia will eject the LAGEOS-II satellite from the
cargo bay on the second mission day.  Built by the Italian
Space Agency using NASA blueprints, this small, 900-pound
satellite will help geologists fill in important details
about the Earth.  The first LAGEOS was launched in 1976.
Adding a second spacecraft will enable researchers to gather
twice the data.

    "The satellite may be small, but the data returned is big
time science," says Program Scientist Dr. Miriam Baltuck.
This information will be particularly useful for monitoring
regional fault movement in earthquake-prone areas.

    Baltuck said geologists use this information to monitor
the extremely slow movements of the Earth's crustal plates,
to measure and understand the "wobble" in the Earth's axis of
rotation, collect information on the Earth's size and shape
and more accurately determine the length of the day.

    Baltuck explained that ground-based researchers from 30
countries will participate in collecting and analysing the
data received from the satellite .  The researchers will
bounce laser beams off the mirror-covered spacecraft and log
how long it takes the beams to make the round-trip voyage.

    "We know the speed that light travels," said Baltuck.
"So by plugging that into our formula, we can measure
precisely the distances between stations on the Earth and the
satellite."

USMP Makes Debut

    A major new materials processing payload makes its debut
on STS-52 -- the first United States Microgravity Payload
(USMP-1).  The payload consists of three experiments mounted
on a new carrier, derived from the previously flown Materials
Science Lab, in Columbia's cargo bay.

    "This is an excellent use of the Shuttle to perform
microgravity experiments that are primarily operated remotely
from the ground," said Program Manager David Jarrett.  This
type of remote operations will help prepare the science
community for Space Station Freedom prior to its permanently
manned operational phase.

    Experiments on USMP-1 will explore using the unique space
environment to do research that is not possible on Earth.
The science, while basic in nature, could impact applications
on Earth in areas such as computer memory, metals and
semiconductors.  Another experiment will measure the
Shuttle's vibrations, information critical to scientists
understanding the current experiments and planning future
experiments.

Canada Provides Variety of Experiments

    Canadian Payload Specialist MacLean will perform a bevy
of experiments called CANEX-2.  Many of these experiments are
extensions of work carried out by Dr. Marc Garneau as part of
the CANEX group of experiments that flew in 1984.

    CANEX-2 is actually 10 separate investigations.  Results
from CANEX-2 have potential applications in machine vision
systems for use with robotic equipment in space and in
environments such as mines and nuclear reactors.  Other
potential applications relate to the manufacturing of goods,
the development of new protective coatings for spacecraft
materials, improvements in materials processing, and a better
understanding of Earth's stratosphere which contains the
protective ozone layer.

    Greater knowledge of human adaptation to microgravity is
another objective of the CANEX-2 payload.  MacLean will
conduct experiments on back pain, body water changes and the
effect of weightlessness on the vestibular system.

Columbia, An Orbiting Testbed

    Columbia will be turned into an orbiting test-bed for
other STS-52 experiments.  One, called the Attitude Sensor
Package built by the European Space Agency, will gather
information on the performance and accuracy of new sensors.
Space is the best place to test these sensors.  The data
returned could be used in the design of sensors for future
spacecraft.

    Other space technology experiments will examine how very
cold liquids behave in space, the use of heat pipe technology
for temperature control, and the effects of atomic oxygen on
different materials -- technologies that may have important
contributions to the design of future spacecraft.

Commercial Office Payloads

    Major payloads, sponsored by NASA's Commercial Programs
Office, will examine a compound for possible use in combating
diseases which involve loss of bone mass; thin-film membrane
research which has potential application in the biotechnology
and pollution control field; and a new facility for growing
semiconductor crystals which permits interaction from the
crew to achieve optimum growth.

    A commercial protein crystal growth facility will fly on
STS-52.  Scientists hope the new facility will result in more
crystals that are better ordered, larger and more uniform in
size than their ground-based counterparts.

    With the exception of the Canadian Payload Specialist,
there are no "rookie" astronauts on this flight.  STS-52 will
mark Wetherbee's second Shuttle flight.  He was the Pilot on
the STS-32 Columbia mission.  Baker also will be making his
second flight, but his first as a Pilot.  Baker was a mission
specialist on STS-43.

    Veach, Shepherd and Jernigan are Shuttle veterans.  Veach
previously flew on STS-39, and Shepherd has two previous
flights, STS-27 and -41.  Jernigan last flew on STS-40, a
Columbia mission devoted to life sciences research.

    MacLean is one of six Canadian astronauts selected in
December 1983.  In addition to his CANEX-2 duties, he is the
Program Manager for the Advanced Space Vision System
experiment.

                   -end of general release-


MEDIA SERVICES INFORMATION


NASA Select Television Transmission

    NASA Select television is available on Satcom F-2R,
Transponder 13, located at 72 degrees west longitude;
frequency 3960.0 MHz, audio 6.8 MHz.

    The schedule for television transmissions from the
orbiter and for mission briefings will be available during
the mission at Kennedy Space Center, Fla; Marshall Space
Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala.; Ames-Dryden Flight Research
Facility, Edwards, Calif.; Johnson Space Center, Houston and
NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C.  The television schedule
will be updated to reflect changes dictated by mission
operations.

    Television schedules also may be obtained by calling
COMSTOR 713/483-5817.  COMSTOR is a computer data base
service requiring the use of a telephone modem.  A voice
recording of the television schedule is updated daily at noon
Eastern time.

Status Reports

    Status reports on countdown and mission progress, on-
orbit activities and landing operations will be produced by
the appropriate NASA newscenter.

Briefings

    A mission press briefing schedule will be issued prior to
launch.  During the mission, change-of-shift briefings by a
flight director and the science team will occur at least once
per day.  The updated NASA Select television schedule will
indicate when mission briefings are planned.





STS-52 QUICK LOOK

Launch Date and Site:   Oct. 15, 1992
                        Kennedy Space Center, Fla. -- Pad 39B

Launch Window:          11:10 a.m. EDT (1510 GMT) to
                        1:37 p.m. EDT (1737 GMT)

Orbiter:                Columbia's 13th Flight

Orbit/Inclination:      160 x 163 nm (LAGEOS)/ 28.45 degrees
                        110 x 111 nm (CANEX)/   28.45 degrees

Landing Time/Date:      8:04 a.m. EDT (1204 GMT)/Oct. 25

Primary Landing Site:   Kennedy Space Center, Fla.

Abort Landing Sites
Return To Launch Site Abort:   Kennedy Space Center, Fla.
TransAtlantic Abort Landing:   Banjul, The Gambia -- Prime
                            Ben Guerir, Morroco -- Alternate
                            Moron, Spain -- Alternate
Abort-Once-Around:          Edwards AFB, Calif. -- Prime
                            KSC, Fla./White Sands, N.M.
                            -- Alternates

Crew:                       James Wetherbee - Commander
                            Michael Baker - Pilot
                            Charles Lacy Veach - MS1
                            William Shepherd - MS2
                            Tamara Jernigan - MS3
                            Steven MacLean - PS1

Cargo Bay Payloads:     Laser Geodynamics Satellite (LAGEOS)
                        U.S. Microgravity Payload (USMP-1)
                        Canadian Experiments (CANEX-2)
                        Attitude Sensor Package (ASP)
                        Tank Pressure Control Exp. (TPCE)

Middeck Payloads:       Commercial Protein Crystal Growth
                        (CPCG)
                        Commercial Materials ITA Exp. (CMIX)
                        Crystals by Vapor Transport Exp.
                        (CVTE)
                        Heatpipe Performance Experiment
                        (HPP)
                        Physiological Systems Experiment
                        (PSE)
                        Shuttle Plume Impingement Exp. (SPIE)


STS-52 SUMMARY OF MAJOR ACTIVITIES

Flight Day One
Launch/Post Insertion
LAGEOS Checkout

Flight Day Two
LAGEOS Deploy
Robot Arm (RMS) Checkout
Heatpipe Performance Experiment (HPP)

Flight Day Three
Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP)
Space Vision Systems Operations (CANEX)
HPP

Flight Day Four
HPP
Commercial Protein Crystal Growth (CPCG)

Flight Day Five
LBNP/HPP

Flight Day Six
LBNP/CPCG/HPP
Phase Partitioning in Liquids (CANEX)
Crystals by Vapor Transport Experiment Setup/Activation

Flight Day Seven
LBNP/CPCG
Phase Partitioning in Liquids

Flight Day Eight
LBNP
Material Exposure in Low Earth Orbit (CANEX)
Attitude Sensor Package Maneuvers

Flight Day Nine
LBNP/SVS Operations
Material Exposure in Low Earth Orbit (MELEO)
Orbiter Glow Experiment (OGLOW)

Flight Day Ten
Canadian Target Assembly Release
Flight Control Surface Checkout
Reaction Control System Hotfire
Cabin Stow

Flight Day Eleven
Deorbit Preparation
Deorbit Burn and Landing at Kennedy Space Center


STS-52 VEHICLE AND PAYLOAD WEIGHTS


Vehicle/Payload                           Pounds

Orbiter Columbia Empty and three SSMEs              181,502

Laser Geodynamics Satellite (LAGEOS)                  5,512

LAGEOS Support Equipment                              2,214

U.S. Microgravity Payload (USMP-1)                    8,748

Attitude Sensor Package (ASP)                           632

Canadian Experiments (CANEX-2)                          301

Commercial Protein Crystal Growth (CPCG)                 63

Heatpipe Performance Experiment (HPP)                   100

Physiological Systems Experiment (PSE)                  142

Detailed Supplementary Objectives (DSO)                  96

Total Vehicle at Solid Rocket Booster Ignition    4,511,341

Orbiter Landing Weight                              214,289



STS-52 TRAJECTORY SEQUENCE OF EVENTS

EVENT                Elapsed Time   Velocity   Mach      Altitude
                     (d/h:m:s)       (fps)                (feet)

Launch               00/00:00:00


Begin Roll Maneuver  00/00:00:10        188     .17        799


End Roll Maneuver    00/00:00:14        299     .26      1,956


SSME Throttle To     00/00:00:29        692     .62      8,573
67 Percent


Max. Dynamic Press   00/00:01:00      1,371    1.36     34,977
(Max Q)


SSME Throttle Up     00/00:01:06      1,576    1.63     42,771
(104 Percent)


SRB Separation       00/00:02:04      4,111   3.84     151,131


Main Engine Cutoff   00/00:08:31     24,512  22.73     363,666
(MECO)


Zero Thrust          00/00:08:37     24,509            362,770


Fuel Tank Separation 00/00:08:50


OMS-2 Burn           00/00:39:55


Deorbit Burn         09/19:54:00
(orbit 158)


Landing at KSC       09/20:54:00
(orbit 159)

Apogee, Perigee at MECO:      156 x   35 nautical miles
Apogee, Perigee after OMS-2:  163 x 160 nautical miles

SPACE SHUTTLE ABORT MODES

     Space Shuttle launch abort philosophy aims toward safe
and intact recovery of the flight crew, orbiter and its
payload.  Abort modes include:

     * Abort-To-Orbit (ATO) -- Partial loss of main engine
thrust late enough to permit reaching a minimal 105-nautical
mile orbit with orbital maneuvering system engines.

     * Abort-Once-Around (AOA) -- Earlier main engine
shutdown with the capability to allow one orbit around before
landing at either Edwards Air Force Base, Calif., White Sands
Space Harbor, N.M., or the Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF) at
the Kennedy Space Center, Fla.

     * Trans-Atlantic Abort Landing (TAL) -- Loss of one or
more main engines midway through powered flight would force a
landing at either Banjul, The Gambia; Ben Guerir, Morocco; or
Moron, Spain.

     * Return-To-Launch-Site (RTLS) -- Early shutdown of one
or more engines without enough energy to reach Banjul would
result in a pitch around and thrust back toward KSC until
within gliding distance of the Shuttle Landing Facility.

     STS-52 contingency landing sites are Edwards Air Force
Base, the Kennedy Space Center, White Sands Space Harbor,
Banjul, Ben Guerir and Moron.


STS-52 Prelaunch Processing

     With three other vehicles at various processing stages,
the KSC's Shuttle team began work on July 10 to ready
Columbia for its 13th voyage into space - the day after its
unscheduled landing at KSC.  Columbia was towed to Orbiter
Processing Facility (OPF) bay 1 where post-flight inspections
and tests were accomplished.

     In August, technicians installed the Shuttle orbiter
main engines.  Engine 2030 is in the number 1 position,
engine 2015 is in the number 2 position and engine 2028 is in
the number 3 position.

     Following completion of space vehicle assembly and
associated testing, the Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test
with the STS-52 flight crew was scheduled for late September.

     A standard 43-hour launch countdown is scheduled to
begin 3 days prior to launch.  During the countdown, the
orbiter's fuel cell storage tanks and all orbiter systems
will be prepared for flight.

     About 9 hours before launch, the external tank will be
filled with its flight load of a half million gallons of
liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen propellants.  About 2 and
one-half hours before liftoff, the flight crew will begin
taking their assigned seats in the crew cabin.

     Columbia's end-of-mission landing is planned at Kennedy
Space Center's Shuttle Landing Facility.  KSC's landing and
recovery team will perform convoy operations on the runway to
safe the vehicle and prepare it for towing to the OPF.

     Columbia's next flight, STS-55, targeted for early next
year, is a 10-day mission with the German Spacelab D-2
module.


LASER GEODYNAMICS SATELLITE (LAGEOS) II

     The Laser Geodynamics Satellite (LAGEOS) II, like its
predecessor launched in 1976, is a passive satellite
dedicated exclusively to laser ranging.  Laser ranging
involves sending laser beams from Earthto the satellite and
recording the round-trip travel time.  This measurement
enables scientists to precisely measure the distances between
laser ranging stations on the Earth and the satellite.

     LAGEOS is designed to provide a reference point for
laser ranging experiments that will monitor the motion of the
Earth's crust, measure and understand the "wobble" in the
Earth's axis of rotation, collect information on the Earth's
size and shape and more accurately determine the length of
the day.  The information will be particularly useful for
monitoring regional fault movement in earthquake-prone areas
such as California and the Mediterranean Basin.

     The LAGEOS II project is a joint program between NASA
and the Italian space agency, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
(ASI), which built the satellite using LAGEOS I drawings and
specifications, handling fixtures, dummy spacecraft and other
materials provided by the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC),
Greenbelt, Md.   GSFC also tested the corner-cube
retroreflectors on the surface of LAGEOS II.  ASI provided
the Italian Research Interim Stage (IRIS) and the LAGEOS
Apogee Stage (LAS), the two upper stages that will transport
LAGEOS II to its proper altitude and circularize its orbit.
NASA is providing the launch aboard Space Shuttle Columbia.

The Spacecraft

     The LAGEOS II satellite is a spherical satellite made of
aluminum with a brass core.  It is only 24 inches (60 cm) in
diameter yet it weighs approximately 900 pounds (405 kg).
This compact, dense design makes the satellite's orbit as
stable as possible.

     The LAGEOS design evolved from several trade-offs that
proved necessary to achieve the program objectives.  For
example, the satellite had to be as heavy as possible to
minimize the effects of non-gravitational forces, yet light
enough to be placed in a high orbit.  The satellite had to be
big enough to accommodate many retroreflectors, but small
enough to minimize the force of solar pressure.

     Aluminum would have been too light for the entire body
of the sphere.  Design engineers finally decided to combine
two aluminum hemispheres bolted together around a brass core.
They selected the materials to reduce the effects of the
Earth's magnetic field.  LAGEOS II should remain in orbit
indefinitely.


(PICTURE OF LAGEOS)



(RETROREFLECTOR ILLUSTRATION)


     LAGEOS II has the dimpled appearance of a large golf
ball.  Imbedded into the satellite are 426 nearly equally
spaced, cube-corner retroreflectors, or prisms.  Most of the
retroreflectors (422) are made of suprasil, a fused silica
glass.  The remaining four, made of germanium, may be used by
lasers of the future.  About 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) in diameter,
each retroreflector has a flat, circular front-face with a
prism-shaped back.

     The retroreflectors on the surface of LAGEOS II are
three-dimensional prisms that reflect light, in this case a
laser beam, directly back to its source.  A  timing signal
starts when the laser beam leaves the ground station and
continues until the pulse, reflected from one of LAGEOS II's
retroreflectors, returns to the ground station.

     Since the speed of light is constant, the distance
between the station and the satellite can be determined.
This process is known as satellite laser ranging (SLR).
Scientists use this technique to measure movements of the
Earth's surface up to several inches per year.  By tracking
the LAGEOS satellites for several years, scientists can
characterize these motions and perhaps correlate them with
Earth dynamics observed on the ground.

Launch, Orbit Insertion And Data Collection

     After the Shuttle releases LAGEOS II, two solid-fuel
stages, the Italian Research Interim Stage (IRIS) and the
LAGEOS Apogee Stage (LAS), will engage.  The IRIS will boost
LAGEOS II from the Shuttle's 184-mile (296 km) parking orbit
to the satellite injection altitude of 3,666 miles (5,900
km).  The LAS will circularize the orbit.  This will be the
first IRIS mission and will qualify the IRIS, a spinning
solid fuel rocket upper stage, for use in deploying
satellites from the Space Shuttle cargo bay.

     LAGEOS II's circular orbit is the same as that of LAGEOS
I, but at a different angle to the Earth's equator:  52
degrees for LAGEOS II and 110 degrees for LAGEOS I.  The
complementary orbit will provide more coverage of the
seismically active areas such as the Mediterranean Basin and
California, improving the accuracy of crustal-motion
measurements.  It also may help scientists understand
irregularities noted in the position of LAGEOS I, which
appear to be linked to erratic spinning of the satellite
itself.

     LAGEOS II will undergo a very intensive tracking program
in its first 30 days of flight.  This will allow laser
ranging stations to precisely calculate and predict the
satellite's orbit.  By the end of the 30 days, full science
operations will have begun.

     NASA operates 10 SLR stations.  Four are Transportable
Laser Ranging Systems (TLRS), built to be moved easily from
location to location.  Four Mobile Laser Ranging Systems
(MOBLAS) are in semi-permanent locations in Australia and
North America, including GSFC.  The University of Hawaii and
the University of Texas at Austin operate the other two NASA
systems.


(ILLUSTRATION OF LAGEOS I AND II ORBITS)


     NASA and ASI have selected 27 LAGEOS II science
investigators from the United States, Italy, Germany, France,
the Netherlands and Hungary.  The investigators will obtain
and interpret the scientific results that come from
measurements to the satellite.  By tracking both LAGEOS I and
LAGEOS II, scientists will collect more data in a shorter
time span than with LAGEOS I alone.

     Data from LAGEOS II investigations will be archived in
the Crustal Dynamics Data and Information System (CDDIS) at
GSFC.  It will be available worldwide to investigators
studying crustal dynamics.

U.S. MICROGRAVITY PAYLOAD 1 (USMP)

     The first U.S. Microgravity Payload (USMP-1) will be
launched aboard Space Shuttle Columbia for a 10-day mission.
The USMP program is a series of NASA missions designed for
microgravity experiments that do not require the "hands-on"
environment of the Spacelab.  The Marshall Space Flight
Center (MSFC), Huntsville, Ala., manages USMP for NASA's
Office of Space Science and Applications.

     The USMP-1 payload will carry three investigations.  The
Lambda-Point Experiment (LPE) will study fluid behavior in
microgravity.  The Materials for the Study of Interesting
Phenomena of Solidification on Earth and in Orbit, (Materiel
pour l'Etude des Phenomenes Interessant la Solidification sur
Terre et'en Orbite, or MEPHISTO) will study metallurgical
processes in microgravity.  The Space Acceleration
Measurement System (SAMS) will study the microgravity
environment onboard the Space Shuttle.

     In orbit, the crew will activate the carrier and the
experiments, which will operate for about 6 days during the
mission.  Science teams at MSFC's Payload Operations Control
Center will command and monitor instruments and analyze data.

     Two Mission-Peculiar Equipment Support Structures
(MPESS) in the Shuttle cargo bay make up USMP-1.  Carrier
subsystems mounted on the front MPESS provide electrical
power, communications, data-handling capabilities and thermal
control.  MSFC developed the USMP carrier.

Lambda-Point Experiment (LPE)

Principal Investigator:  Dr. J.A. Lipa, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.
Project Manager:  R. Ruiz, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.

     The Lambda-Point Experiment will study liquid helium as
it changes from normal fluid to a superfluid state.  In the
superfluid state, helium moves freely through small pores
that block other liquids, and it also conducts heat 1,000
times more effectively than copper.  This change occurs at
liquid helium's "lambda point" (-456 degrees Fahrenheit or
2.17 degrees Kelvin).  Because the transition from one phase
to another causes the organized interaction of large numbers
of particles, it is of great scientific interest.
     The transition from fluid to superfluid state can be
studied more closely in microgravity than on Earth.  Gravity
causes a sample of liquid helium to have greater pressure at
the bottom than at the top, in turn causing the top of the
sample to become superfluid at higher temperatures.

     Onboard USMP, a sample of helium cooled far below its
lambda point will be placed in a low-temperature cryostat (an
apparatus used to keep something cold, such as a thermos
bottle).  During a series of 2-hour runs controlled by an
onboard computer, the helium's temperature will be raised
through the transition point by a precision temperature-
control system.  Sensitive instruments inside the cryostat
will measure the heat capacity of the liquid helium as it
changes phases.  The temperature of the helium sample will be
maintained to within a billionth of degree during the
experiment.

Materials for the Study of Interesting Phenomena of
Solidification on Earth and in Orbit (MEPHISTO)

Principal Investigator:  Dr. J. J. Favier, Commissariat a' l'
Energie Atomique, Grenoble, France
Project Manager:  G. Cambon, Centre National d'Etudes
Spatiales, Toulous

     MEPHISTO is a joint American-French cooperative program.
The definition and development of the flight hardware has
been led by CNES (French Space Agency) and CEA (French Atomic
Energy Commission).  This mission will be the first of a
series of six flights, about 1 per year, provided by NASA on
the USMP carrier.

     MEPHISTO will study the behavior of metals and
semiconductors as they solidify to help determine the effect
gravity has during solidification at the point where solid
meets liquid, called the solid/liquid interface.  Data
gathered from MEPHISTO will be used to improve molten
materials.  For example, more resilient metallic alloys and
composite materials could be designed for engines that will
power future aircraft and spacecraft.

     The cylindrical-shaped MEPHISTO furnace experiment will
contain three identical rod-shaped samples of a tin-bismuth
alloy.  MEPHISTO will process the samples using two furnaces,
one fixed and one moving.  As a run begins, the mobile
furnace will move outward from the fixed furnace, melting the
samples.  The mobile furnace then moves back toward the fixed
furnace, and the sample resolidifies.  The fixed furnace
contains a stationary solid/liquid interface to be used as a
reference for studying the mobile solid/liquid interface.

     MEPHISTO has been designed to perform quantitative
investigations of the solidification process by using several
specific diagnosis methods.  During the experiment runs, a
small electrical voltage will constantly measure the
temperature changes at the interface to verify solidification
rates.  During the last experimental run, electrical pulses
will be sent through one sample, "freezing" the shape of the
interface for post-mission analysis.
     The MEPHISTO apparatus allows many cycles of
solidification and remelting and is particularly well-adapted
for long-duration missions.  During the mission, scientists
will compare the electrical signal to data from a SAMS sensor
to see if the Shuttle's movement is disturbing the interface.
They then can make adjustments to the experiments if
necessary.  Post-mission analysis of the space-solidified
sample will allow correlation between the electrical
measurements and changes in the sample.

Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS)

Scientific Investigator:  Charles Baugher, MSFC, Huntsville, Ala.
Project Manager:  R. De Lombard, Lewis Research Center, Cleveland

     The Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS) is
designed to measure and record low-level acceleration during
experiment operations.  The signals from these sensors are
amplified, filtered and converted to digital data before it
is stored on optical disks and sent via downlink to the
ground control center.

     USMP-1 will be the first mission for two SAMS flight
units in the cargo bay configuration.  The two units each
will support two remote sensor heads.  Two heads will be
mounted in the Lambda Point Experiment (LPE) and the other
two heads will be mounted to the MPESS structure near the
MEPHISTO furnace.

     Some of the data will be recorded on optical disks in
the SAMS units, while other data will be down-linked to the
Marshall Spaceflight Center's Payload Operations Control
Center.

     The down-linked SAMS data will be utilized during
experiment operations by the principal investigators (PI)
involved with LPE and MEPHISTO.  The SAMS data also will be
monitored by the SAMS project team.

     The PIs will look for acceleration events or conditions
that exceed a threshold where the experiment results could be
affected.  This may be, for example, a frequency versus
amplitude condition, an energy content condition or simply an
acceleration magnitude threshold.  Experiment operations may
be changed based on the observed microgravity environment.

     SAMS flight hardware was designed and developed in-house
by the NASA Lewis Research Center and Sverdrup Technology
Inc. project team. The units have flown on STS-40, STS-43,
STS-42, STS-50 and STS-47 missions.







ATTITUDE SENSOR PACKAGE (ASP)

     STS-52 will carry the third Hitchhiker payload to fly in
space.  Hitchhikers are a part of Goddard Space Flight
Center's (GSFC) Shuttle Small Payloads Project (SSPP).
Hitchhiker provides quick-response, economical flights for
small attached payloads that have more complex requirements
than Get Away Special experiments.

     The STS-52 Hitchhiker payload carries one foreign
reimbursable experiment, the Attitude Sensor Package (ASP)
experiment. This experiment was prepared by the In-Orbit
Technology Demonstration Programme of the European Space
Agency (ESA).

     The ASP experiment consists of three unique spacecraft
attitude sensors, an on board computer and a support
structure.  The primary sensor is the Modular Star Sensor
(MOSS).  The other two sensors are the Yaw Earth Sensor
(YESS) and the Low Altitude Conical Earth Sensor (LACES).
The ASP sensors and their support structure are assembled on
a Hitchhiker small mounting plate.  The Hitchhiker avionics,
mounted to another small mounting plate, provides power and
signal interfaces between the ASP experiment and the Shuttle.

     Often the performance of the space instruments cannot be
predicted accurately on Earth because of the lack of
knowledge of and actual simulation of the space environment.
The ASP experiment exposes these attitude sensors to actual
space conditions, demonstrating their performance and
accuracy.  This flight experience will be evaluated by ESA
for possible use of these sensors on future ESA programs.

     During the mission, the ASP experiment will operate for
16 orbits from the Hitchhiker Payload Operations Control
Center (POCC) located at GSFC, Greenbelt, Md.  ESA personnel
and contractors will operate their ground support equipment
in the POCC during the Shuttle flight.

     The SSPP is managed by Goddard for NASA's Office of
Space Flight.  The Hitchhiker Program, managed by the SSPP,
performs overall mission management duties for Hitchhiker
payloads flying on the NASA Shuttle, including experiment
integration on the Shuttle and operations management during
the flight.

     Theodore C. Goldsmith is SSPP Project Manager.  Chris
Dunker is Goddard's ASP mission manager.  The In-Orbit
Technology Demonstration Programme Manager for ESA is Manfred
Trischberger, the ESA ASP payload Manager is Roberto Aceti
and the ESA Principal Investigator is Peter Underwood.  The
In-Orbit Technology Demonstration Programme is part of the
European Space Technology and Engineering Center, Noordwijk,
The Netherlands.




CANADIAN EXPERIMENTS (CANEX)

The Canadian Space Agency

     The Canadian Space Agency (CSA) was formed in 1989 with
a mandate to promote the peaceful use and development of
space, to advance the knowledge of space through science and
to ensure that space science and technology provide social
and economic benefits for Canadians.

     To meet these objectives, CSA coordinates a variety of
programs involving space science, space technology, Space
Station development, satellite communications, remote sensing
and human space flight.  An integral part of CSA, the
Canadian Astronaut Program, supports space research and
development in close cooperation with scientists and
engineers in government, universities and the private sector.
These investigations focus on space science, space technology
and life sciences research carried out on Earth and in space.

Canadian Experiments-2 (CANEX-2)

     CANEX-2 is a group of space technology, space science,
materials processing and life sciences experiments which will
be performed in space by Canadian Payload Specialist Dr.
Steve MacLean during the STS-52 mission of Space Shuttle
Columbia.  Bjarni Tryggvason is a backup crew member and
alternate to Dr. MacLean for this mission.

     The potential applications of CANEX-2 space research
include machine vision systems for use with robotic equipment
in space and in environments such as mines and nuclear
reactors.  Other potential applications relate to the
manufacturing of goods, the development of new protective
coatings for spacecraft materials, improvements in materials
processing, a better understanding of the stratosphere which
contains the protective ozone layer, and greater knowledge of
human adaptation to microgravity.

     Many of these experiments are extensions of the work
carried out by Dr. Marc Garneau as part of the CANEX group of
experiments that helped form his 1984 mission.

Space Vision System Experiment (SVS)

Principal Investigator:  Dr. H.F. Lloyd Pinkney, National
Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.

     Space is a difficult visual environment with few
reference points and frequent periods of extremely dark or
bright lighting conditions.  Astronauts working in space find
it difficult to gauge the distance and speed of objects such
as satellites.

     The development of the Space Vision System (SVS), a
machine vision system for robotic devices, such as the Canada
arm, was undertaken to enhance human vision in the
unfavorable viewing conditions of space.  The SVS can provide
information on the exact location, orientation and motion of
a specified object.  Dr. MacLean will evaluate an
experimental Space Vision System for possible use in the
Space Shuttle and in the construction of Space Station
Freedom.

     The Space Vision System uses a Shuttle TV camera to
monitor a pattern of target dots of known spacing arranged on
an object to be tracked.  As the object moves, the SVS
computer measures the changing position of the dots and
provides a real-time TV display of the location and
orientation of the object.  This displayed information will
help an operator guide the Canada arm or the Mobile Servicing
System (MSS) when berthing or deploying satellites.

     For the CANEX-2 experiments, target dots have been
placed on the Canadian Target Assembly (CTA), a small
satellite carried in the Space Shuttle's cargo bay.  During
the flight, a mission specialist will use the arm to deploy
the CTA and take it through a series of maneuvers using the
information displayed by the SVS.  Dr. MacLean will evaluate
SVS performance and investigate details that need to be
considered to design a production model of the system.

     Beyond its possible application as a computerized eye
for the Space Shuttle, a system derived from the Space Vision
System may be used to help construct and maintain the Space
Station.  In another application, an SVS-based system could
guide small, remotely-operated space vehicles for satellite
retrieval and servicing.  On Earth, advances in machine
vision could lead to improvements in the manufacturing of
products, in auto plants for example, and to applications
involving work in environments such as mines or nuclear
reactors.

SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS

Materials Exposure in Low-Earth Orbit (MELEO)

Principal Investigator:  Dr. David G. Zimcik, Canadian Space
Agency, Ottawa, Ontario.

     Plastics and composite materials used on the external
surfaces of spacecraft have been found to degrade in the
harsh environment of space.  Evidence suggests that this
degradation is caused by interaction with atomic oxygen which
induces damaging chemical and physical reactions.  The result
is a loss in mass, strength, stiffness and stability of size
and shape.

     The MELEO experiment is an extension of work performed
by the CSA which began with the Advanced Composite Materials
Experiment (ACOMEX) flown on Marc Garneau's 1984 mission.
Researchers now want to extend the valuable baseline date
obtained to further investigate the deterioration process,
try new protective coatings and test materials designed for
use on specific space hardware such as the Mobile Servicing
System (MSS) for the Space Station Freedom and RADARSAT, the
Canadian remote sensing satellite scheduled for launch in
early 1995.

     The MELEO experiment will expose over 350 material
specimens mounted on "witness plates" on the Canada arm and
analyzed after the mission.  Typical spacecraft materials
will be tested along with new developments in protective
measures against atomic oxygen.  The specimens will be
exposed in the flight direction for at least 30 hours.  Dr.
MacLean periodically will photograph the specimens to record
the stages of erosion.  All materials will be returned to
Earth for detailed examination.

     The MELEO experiment uses active elements called Quartz
Crystal Microbalances (QCM's), attached to the end of the
Canada arm, to measure the erosion of material with a very
high degree of accuracy.  Their electrical functions are
regulated by a controller located on the aft flight-deck of
the Shuttle orbiter.  Data will be recorded using the on-
board Payload General Service Computer (PGSC).  This will
enable the Canadian Payload Specialist to have real-time
readouts of the erosion data during the mission.

     It is expected that the MELEO experiment will provide
data on the performance of new materials exposed to the true
space environment and provide information to be used in the
development of effective ground-based space simulation
facilities capable of testing and screening spacecraft
materials in the laboratory.

Orbiter Glow-2 (OGLOW-2)

Principal Investigator:  Dr. E.J. (Ted) Llewellyn, University
of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon.

     Photographs taken by astronauts have revealed a glow
emanating from Shuttle surfaces facing the direction of
motion.  This phenomenon is thought to be caused by the
impact of high-velocity atoms and the effect of the orbiter's
surface temperature.

     In the first OGLOW experiment, Dr. Marc Garneau
successfully photographed the glow phenomenon.  Computer
analysis of these photographs and of corresponding video
recordings revealed the bright areas to be concentrated
around the Shuttle's tail section instead of around the
entire Shuttle, as had been expected.

     Additional data, obtained when Dr. Garneau took several
photographs while the Shuttle's thrusters were firing, led to
the need for an OGLOW-2 experiment.  This experiment will
explore in greater detail the gaseous reactions caused by the
orbiter thrusters through the post-flight analysis of the
thruster-induced glow spectrum.

     Photographs of the Shuttle's tail, primarily while the
thrusters are firing, will be taken.  On-board TV cameras
will obtain corresponding video recordings.  The OGLOW-2
experiment also should determine when theroptical
measurements taken from the Shuttle might be adversely
affected by the glow.

     As part of the experiment, Dr. MacLean will use newly
developed equipment to photograph the Canadian Target
Assembly with its different material surfaces.  The OGLOW-2
experiment also will study the glow from the Earth's upper
atmosphere.

Queen's University Experiment in Liquid-Metal Diffusion
(QUELD)

Principal Investigator:  Prof. Reginald W. Smith, Queen's
University, Kingston, Ontario.

     Atoms of any substance, whether liquid or solid, are in
constant motion.  Knowledge of the rate at which atoms move
around and in between each other (diffusion) is important for
a variety of industrial processes.  On Earth, the effects of
convection make it difficult to measure the actual degree of
diffusion taking place within a substance.  In space, where
convection is eliminated, it is possible to obtain more
accurate information.

     The QUELD experiment will allow diffusion coefficient
measurements of a number of liquid state metals.  The QUELD
apparatus contains two small electric furnaces in which over
40 specimens will be heated in tiny graphite crucibles until
the test metals are molten.  They will be allowed to diffuse
for 30 minutes or more and then rapidly cooled to solidify
the metals for post-flight analysis.

     The researchers hope to use the data to help develop a
general theory to predict the rate of diffusion for any metal
in the liquid state, as well as provide fundamental
information about the structure of liquid metals.  This is
expected to lead to creation of better crystals for use in
the fabrication of computer microchips and radiation sensors
and to the development of special alloys which cannot be made
on Earth.

Sun Photo Spectrometer Earth Atmosphere Measurement (SPEAM-2)

Principal Investigator:  Dr. David I. Wardle, Environment
Canada, Toronto, Ontario.

     The measurement of atmospheric structure and composition
using space-based instruments has provided a vast new
capability for environmental monitoring.  SPEAM-2 will add to
an expanding body of information about the stratosphere, the
part of the upper atmosphere containing most of Earth's
protective ozone layer.

     The SPEAM-2 experiment comprises two measuring
instruments and a control computer developed by the
Atmospheric Environment Service of Environment Canada.  The
Sun Photo Spectrometer (SPS) will make multispectral
measurements of ozone and nitrogen compounds which play an
important role in controlling ozone balance especially in the
presence of chlorine.  Atmospheric transmission, or the
degree to which light is absorbed in the Earth's atmosphere,
also will be measured in the visible and near-infrared parts
of the solar spectrum.  This hand-held instrument will be
aimed at the sun by Dr. MacLean during several sunset and
sunrise periods.

     The Airglow Imaging Radiometer (AIR) will observe
atmospheric air glow from atmospheric molecular oxygen in
several regions of the electromagnetic spectrum and possibly
from OH radicals, highly reactive molecules composed of
oxygen and hydrogen, which affect the ozone concentration in
the stratosphere.

     These measurements will provide information about the
chemical processes which take place in the stratosphere and
affect the protective ozone layer.  SPEAM-2 data will
complement other measurements including those from NASA's
Solar Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) and other ground-
based observations.

     It is expected that the SPEAM-2 experiment will provide
extremely useful information about the upper atmosphere and
the capabilities of the new instruments.  The engineering
data and experience gathered will enable Canadian atmospheric
scientists to make more effective use of future space
platforms such as research satellites and Space Station
Freedom.

Phase Partitioning in Liquids (PARLIQ)

Principal Investigator:  Dr. Donald E. Brooks, Department of
Pathology and Chemistry, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver.

     Phase partitioning is being studied as a way of
separating, from complex substances, different kinds of cells
which differ only subtly in their surface properties.

     The process uses two types of polymers (compounds formed
by repeated units of similar but not identical molecules)
dissolved together in water.  They form two solutions,
called"phases", which react to one another like oil and
vinegar, one floating up to lie on top of the other once they
have been mixed and left to stand.  When mixtures of small
particles such as cells are added to the liquids, some are
attracted to one of the phases, some to the other.
Consequently, the liquids separate the cell types.

     The astronaut will shake a container holding a number of
chambers with solutions containing different mixtures of
model cells visible through windows.  The container then will
be observed and photographed at short intervals as
partitioning occurs.  At the end of the experiment, the
separated phases containing their cells will be isolated and
returned to Earth.  The effects of applying an electric field
on the separation process also will be studied.

     The ultimate objective is to increase the purity of the
separated cells.  On Earth, it is difficult to separate
substances and achieve maximum purity using this process
because of gravity-induced fluid flow.  In microgravity, the
combined forces acting on the liquids and the cells are
entirely different from those on Earth, and the physics of
the process can be better understood.

     A phase partitioning experiment using the same apparatus
was performed by Dr. Roberta Bondar and other crew members
during her January 1992 mission.  This investigation was
itself an extension of an experiment carried out in 1985 on
Shuttle mission 51D in which test solutions separated in a
way that had not been observed previously.  The results of
this experiment will be of interest to medical researchers
because the results apply to the separation and purification
of cells involved in transplants and treatment of disease.

Space Adaptation Tests and Observations (SATO)

Principal Investigator:  Dr. Alan Mortimer, CSA, Ottawa,
Ontario.

     Every flight by a Canadian astronaut includes research
into human adaptation to spaceflight.  Dr. MacLean's mission
is no exception.  The data obtained will supplement the
results of similar experiments performed during the missions
of Drs. Marc Garneau and Roberta Bondar.  What follows are
descriptions of the investigations which make up the SATO
group of experiments.

Vestibular-Ocular Reflex Check

Investigator:  Dr. Doug Watt, McGill University, Montreal,
Quebec.

     An experiment performed by Marc Garneau in October 1984
investigated the effect of weightlessness on the vestibulo-
ocular reflex, an automatic response triggered by the
vestibular system that keeps the eyes focused on a given
object despite head motion.  Although researchers expected at
least a slight deterioration in the functioning of this
reflex, systematic testing revealed no change.

     Since these unexpected results were obtained several
hours after launch, time during which considerable adaptation
could have occurred, it is now necessary to test the
vestibulo-ocular reflex at the time of entry into
microgravity.

     The payload specialist will use a hand-held target and
by rotating the head back and forth, determine the ability of
the eyes to track correctly.

Body Water Changes in Microgravity

Investigators:  Dr. Howard Parsons, Dr. Jayne Thirsk and Dr.
Roy Krouse,
University of Calgary.

     In the absence of gravity there is a shift of body
fluids towards the head which leads to the "puffy face"
syndrome observed in astronauts after several days of
spaceflight.  There also is a loss of water from the body
early in a spaceflight.  Preliminary results from Dr. Roberta
Bondar's IML-1 mission in- dicate that there may be
significant dehydration occurring.

     This test will determine changes in total body water
throughout the spaceflight.  The payload specialist will
ingest a sample of heavy water at the beginning and end of
the mission, and saliva samples will be collected daily.
Upon return, the samples will be analyzed to determine total
body water.

     The results of this experiment are important in
developing nutritional protocols for long duration
spaceflight and will contribute to the development of
countermeasures to be used during re-entry.

Assessment of Back Pain in Astronauts

Investigator:  Dr. Peter C. Wing, Head, Department of
Orthopedic Surgery, University of British Columbia,,
University Hospital, Vancouver.

     More than two thirds of astronauts have reported
experiencing back pain during spaceflight.  The pain seems to
be worst during the first few days in space.  This may be due
to the astronauts' total height increase of up to 7.4 cm as
recently documented during Dr. Roberta Bondar's IML-1
mission.

     The height increase in the absence of gravity results
from spinal column lengthening and the flattening of the
normal spinal curves.  This probably results from an increase
in the water content and thus, the height of the discs
between the vertebrae of the spine.  This in turn may result
in an increase in the distance between the vertebrae and may
cause pain from tension on soft tissue such as muscle, nerves
and ligaments.

     This experiment will continue the investigation of the
causes of back pain in space which began during the IML-1
mission.  The ultimate goal is to develop techniques to be
used either before or during spaceflight to alleviate its
effects.  During the mission, Dr. Steve MacLean will measure
his height and use a special diagram to record the precise
location and intensity of any back pain.  It is expected that
the results of this experiment will lead to an increased
understanding of back pain on Earth.

Illusions During Movement

Investigator:  Dr. Doug Watt, McGill University, Montreal,
Quebec.

      Astronauts have experienced the disconcerting illusion
that the floor is moving up and down while performing deep
knee bends in space and after return to Earth.

     The objective of this test is to determine when these
illusions occur and to investigate how visual and tactile
inputs may affect such illusions.  For example, the payload
specialist may hold onto a fixed object such as a seat while
doing knee bends to see if that alters the illusion of the
floor moving.





TANK PRESSURE CONTROL EXPERIMENT/THERMAL PHENOMENA

     An important issue in microgravity fluid management is
controlling pressure in on-orbit storage tanks for cryogenic
propellants and life support fluids, particularly liquid
hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.  The purpose of the Tank
Pressure Control Experiment/Thermal Phenomena (TPCE/TP) is to
provide some of the data required to develop the technology
for pressure control of cryogenic tankage.

     TPCE/TP represents an extension of the data acquired in
the Tank Pressure Control Experiment (TPCE) which flew on
STS-43 in 1991.  The flight of TPCE significantly increased
the knowledge base for using jet-induced mixing to reduce the
pressure in thermally stratified subcritical tanks.  Mixing
represents a positive means of limiting pressure build-up due
to thermal stratification and may allow non-vented storage of
cryogenics for some of the shorter duration missions.

     Longer missions, however, will require venting and will
likely use thermodynamic vent systems for pressure control.
The efficient design of either active or passive pressure
control systems will depend on knowledge of the thermodynamic
processes and phenomena controlling the pressure build-up in
a low-gravity environment.

     The purpose of the reflight, TPCE/TP, is to focus on the
thermal phenomena involved in the self-pressurization of
subcritical tanks in a low-g environment.

     New technology for managing fluids in low gravity will
be required for future space systems, such as the Space
Transfer Vehicle, Space Station Freedom, space exploration
initiatives, serviceable satellites, hypervelocity aerospace
vehicles and space defense systems.

     Both TPCE and TPCE/TP are part of NASA's In-Space
Technology Experiments Program (IN-STEP), managed by NASA's
Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology.  The TPCE/TP
Project Manager is Richard Knoll, NASA Lewis Research Center,
Cleveland.  Lewis investigators proposed and are managing the
refight.  M. M. Hasan from Lewis is the Principal
Investigator.  Boeing Aerospace Co., Seattle, Washington,
developed the original flight hardware.

PHYSIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS EXPERIMENT

     The Physiological Systems Experiment-02 (PSE-02) is a
middeck payload resulting from a collaboration by Merck &
Co.,Inc., and the Center for Cell Research (CCR), a NASA
Center for the Commercial Development of Space located at
Pennsylvania State University.

     Physiological systems experiments use microgravity-
induced biological effects, such as bone loss, muscle
atrophy, depressed hormone secretion, decreased immune
response, cardiac deconditioning, neurovestibular
disturbances or other changes to test pharmaceutical products
or to discover new therapeutic agents.

     PSE-02 will evaluate a compound being developed to treat
osteoporosis.  The experiment will test the ability of the
compound to slow or stop bone loss induced by microgravity.
Merck scientists will examine whether the lower gravity
experienced on a space flight accelerates the rate at which
bone mass is lost, compared to losses observed when a limb is
immobilized on Earth.

     The compound to be tested in PSE-02 is currently in
large scale human clinical studies as a treatment for
osteoporosis associated with menopause.  In postmenopausal
women, this loss is a consequence of estrogen depletion.

     Today, 25 million Americans, primarily women, have the
bone-thinning disease known as osteoporosis.  Osteoporosis
often progresses without symptoms or pain until a fracture
occurs, typically in the hips, spine or wrist.  Each year, it
leads to more than 1.3 million fractures that can cause
permanent disability, loss of independence or death.

     PSE-02 could help determine if the compound will be
useful in treating the bone loss caused by prolonged
immobilization of weight-bearing limbs in bedridden or
paralyzed patients.  The experiment also may have direct
application in space, as a preventative for bone loss that
might effect astronauts on extended flights.

     In this experiment, six healthy, adolescent, male,
albino rats will be treated with the Merck developmental
anti-osteoporotic compound prior to flight.  An equivalent
number of flight rats will remain untreated to serve as
controls.  The two groups will be housed in completely self-
contained units called Animal Enclosure Modules (AEMs) during
the flight.  The AEMs will contain enough food and water for
the duration of the mission.  No interaction with the crew is
required on orbit.  A clear plastic cover on the AEM will
permit the crew to visually inspect the condition of the
rats.

     The experiment protocol has been reviewed and approved
by the Animal Care and Use Committees of both NASA and Merck.
Veterinarians oversee selection, care and handling of the
rats.

     After the flight, tissues from the rats will be
evaluated in a series of studies by teams of scientists from
both Merck and the CCR.  These studies are expected to last
several months to a year.

     Dr. W. C. Hymer is Director of the Center for Cell
Research at Penn State and co-investigator for PSE.  Dr.
William W.Wilfinger is the CCR Director of Physiological
Testing.  Dr. Gideon Rodan of Merck & Co., Inc., is Principal
Investigator.




HEAT PIPE PERFORMANCE EXPERIMENT (HPP)

     The Heat Pipe Performance experiment is the latest in a
series of tests to develop technology that will make it
easier for a space vehicle to reject excess heat generated by
its equipment and crew.

     Current heat control technology Q as found on the
Shuttle orbiter, for example Q uses a complex system of
pumps, valves and radiators to dump waste heat into space.  A
fluid, Freon 21, circulates through a loop where heat is
collected and then pumped between two flat plates that
radiate the heat to space.  But radiators can be damaged by
orbital debris and mechanical pumping systems may not be
reliable for longer missions.

     A heat pipe system provides a simple, highly reliable
way to reject heat.  It is a closed vessel containing a fluid
and does not have moving mechanical parts.  Instead, it
relies on the natural phenomenon of liquids absorbing heat to
evaporate and releasing that heat when condensing.  The waste
heat generated by a spacecraft evaporates the liquid at one
end of the heat pipe, and the vapor condenses and releases
heat to space at the other end. Capillary action moves the
fluid back to the evaporator end.

     The Heat Pipe Performance experiment on STS-52 will
evaluate the sensitivity of state-of-the-art heat pipes to
large and small accelerations.  It  also will gather data on
the force needed to RdeprimeS (dry out) heat pipes and how
long it takes them to recover.

     Columbia's crew will test two designs for fluid return
by capillary action:  eight heat pipes with axial grooves and
six with a fibrous wick.  Some of the heat pipes consist of a
copper vessel with water as the working fluid and the others
of  aluminum with Freon 113.

     During the mission, one or two astronauts will assemble
HPP in the orbiter's middeck area and conduct the tests.
Four heat pipes will be evaluated in each experiment run by
rotating them on a cross-shaped frame.  A motor on an
instrument unit mounted to the middeck floor will drive the
assembly.  A battery-powered data logger will record the
data.

     The HPP device will spin at various rates to simulate
different levels of spacecraft acceleration and body forces.
Crew members also will do Rre-wickingS tests to measure the
time needed for the heat pipes to reprime and operate after
excessive spin forces make them deprime.  Mission plans call
for 18.3 hours of HPP flight tests with another 4.5 hours
needed for setup and stowage.

     Researchers will carefully check the results of the
tests with existing computer models and static ground tests
to see how well they can predict heat pipe performance in
microgravity.

     Heat Pipe Performance is part of NASA's In-Space
Technology Experiments Program (IN-STEP) that brings NASA,
the aerospace community and universities together to research
potentially valuable space technologies using small,
relatively inexpensive experiments.

     NASA's Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology
selects the experiments and manages the program.  Hughes
Aircraft Co. designed and built the HPP hardware.  The
experiment is managed at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center,
Greenbelt, Md.

SHUTTLE PLUME IMPINGEMENT EXPERIMENT

     The Shuttle Plume Impingement Experiment (SPIE) will
record measurements of atomic oxygen and contamination from
Shuttle thruster firings during STS-52.

     With sensors located at the end of Columbia's mechanical
arm, SPIE will support the CANEX-2 MELEO experiment as it
exposes materials to the atomic oxygen in the vicinity of
Columbia.  During these operations, the mechanical arm will
be positioned to place the SPIE sensor package in the
direction of travel of Columbia, and the atomic oxygen levels
will be recorded on a portable computer in the Shuttle cabin.

     To measure contamination from Columbia's steering jets,
the SPIE package at the end of the arm will be positioned
above the nose of the Shuttle and a large or primary reaction
control system (RCS) jet will be fired in its vicinity.
Quartz Crystal Microbalances are the sensors used to measure
the contaminants.  In addition, any particles ejected by the
thrusters will be collected via a sticky piece of Kapton
material that is part of the sensor package.

     Measurements from the quartz sensors will be recorded on
the Payload and General Support Computer (PGSC), a portable
lap-top computer in the crew cabin of Columbia, for later
analysis on the ground.  Measurements of the amount and kinds
of contamination produced by thruster firings from the
Shuttle will assist designers in assessing the materials
planned for use in constructing Space Station Freedom.

     Contamination will be a part of space station operations
because the Shuttle will fire its thrusters as it docks and
departs from the station on each visit.  Designers want to
know what and how much contamination should be planned for in
building Freedom. The SPIE principal investigator is Steve
Koontz of the Non-Metallic Materials Section in the
Structures and Mechanics Division at the Johnson Space
Center, Houston.

COMMERCIAL MDA ITA EXPERIMENTS

     NASA's Office of Commercial Programs is sponsoring the
Commercial MDA ITA Experiments (CMIX) payload, with program
management provided by the Consortium for Materials
Development in Space (CMDS).  CMDS is one of NASA's 17
Centers for the Commercial Development of Space (CCDS).  CMDS
is based at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH).

     Flight hardware for the payload, including four
Materials Dispersion Apparatus (MDA) Minilabs, is provided by
Instrumentation Technology Associates, Inc. (ITA), Exton,
Penn., an industry partner of the UAH CMDS.

     ITA has a commercial agreement with the UAH CMDS to
provide its MDA hardware for five Shuttle missions.  The
arrangement is a "value exchange" by which the MDA will be
flown in exchange for a designated amount of MDA capacity
provided to NASA's CCDS researchers.  The agreement is for a
5-year period or until the five flight activities are
complete, whichever comes first.

     The MDA was developed by ITA as a commercial space
infrastructure element and as such, is in support of the
Administration's and NASA's Commercial Development of Space
initiatives.  Financed with support from private sector
resources over the past 5 years, the MDA hardware provides
generic turnkey space experiments equipment for users who
want to conduct suitable science in the microgravity
environment of space.  The company performs the integration
and documentation, thus freeing the user to concentrate on
the experiment.

     The objective of the CMIX payload is to provide industry
and CCDS users with low-cost space experimentation
opportunities, thereby supporting one of the objectives of
the NASA CCDS program to provide commercial materials
development projects that benefit from the unique attributes
of space.

     The MDA was initially developed to grow protein crystals
in space.  However, since flying on two Shuttle missions and
several suborbital rocket flights, use of the MDA has been
expanded to include other research areas, including thin-film
membrane formation, zeolite crystal growth, bioprocessing and
live test cells.  During the STS-52 mission, 31 different
types of experiments will be conducted in these research
areas.

      The goal of the protein crystal growth experiments is to
9produce larger, more pure crystals than can be produced on
Earth.  The pharmaceutical industry will use such crystals to
help decipher the structure of a protein using x-ray
crystallographic analysis.  The principal commercial
application of such data is in the development of new drugs
or treatments.

     Data collected from experiments in thin-film membrane
formation will be used in gaining an understanding of
membrane structures applicable to producing membranes made on
the ground.  The microgravity environment may be used to
develop a more uniform membrane structure, specifically one
with few irregularities and with uniform thickness and
internal structure.  Potential commercial applications of
membranes produced in microgravity exist in areas such as gas
separation, biotechnology, pollution control and waste stream
recovery.

      Results from zeolite crystal growth experiments are
applicable in improving the manufacturing of zeolites on
Earth because those found in nature and made by man are small
and do not feature uniform molecular structures.  Zeolites
are a class of minerals whose crystal structure is porous
rather than solid.  Because of this, zeolites are full of
molecular size holes that can be used as sieves.  Synthetic
zeolites are used by the petrochemical industry for catalytic
cracking of large hydrocarbon molecules to increase the yield
of gasoline and other products.  Zeolites also are used to
clean up low-level nuclear wastes and other hazardous wastes.

     Bioprocessing experiments will provide knowledge on
benefits from space processing and on how to improve
bioprocessing efforts on Earth.  One example is the use of
microgravity for self-assembly of macromolecules.  This type
of research has potential in the development of new implant
materials for heart valves, replacement joints, blood vessels
and replacement lenses for the human eye.  Another commercial
application exists with the assembly of complex liposomes and
virus particles to target specific drugs to treat cancer.

     Recently modified to accommodate live test cells, the
MDAs also will carry several human and mouse cell types.
Information from live test cells will be used in identifying
low-response cells for potential development of
pharmaceuticals targeted at improving the undesirable effects
of space travel.

     In addition to the 31 CCDS- and industry-sponsored
experiments, ITA is donating five percent of the four MDA
Minilabs to high school students, for a total of seven
experiments.  Among these student-designed experiments are
investigations of seed germination, brine shrimp growth and
crystal formation in the low-gravity of space.  ITA sponsors
these experiments as part of its space educational program.

     The MDA Minilab is a brick-sized materials processing
device that has the capability to bring into contact and/or
mix as many as 100 different samples of multiple fluids
and/or solids at precisely timed intervals.  The MDA operates
on the principles of liquid-to-liquid diffusion and vapor
diffusion (osmotic dewatering).

     Throughout STS-52, the four MDA Minilabs, each
consisting of an upper and lower block, will remain in the
thermally-controlled environment of a Commercial
Refrigerator/Incubator Module (CRIM).  The upper and lower
blocks, misaligned at launch, will contain an equal number of
reservoirs filled with different substances.  When the
experiment is activated, blocks will be moved in relation to
each other, and the self-aligning reservoirs will align to
allow dispersion (or mixing) of the different substances.

     To complete microgravity operations, the blocks again
will be moved to bring a third set of reservoirs to mix
additional fluids or to fix the process for selected
reservoirs.  A prism window in each MDA allows the crew
member to determine alignment of the blocks.

     To activate the four MDAs, the crew will open the CRIM
door to access the MDAs and the MDA Controller and Power
Supply.  Activation will occur simultaneously and is required
as early as possible in the mission, followed by minimum
microgravity disturbances for a period of at least 8 hours.
The crew will operate switches to activate each MDA and once
all the MDAs are activated, the CRIM door will be closed.

     Deactivation of each MDA will occur at different
intervals.  For example, one MDA will automatically
deactivate within minutes of being activated.  Whereas one
will not deactivate at all.  Deactivation of the other two
MDAs will occur later in the mission.  Once the Shuttle
lands, the MDA Minilabs will be deintegrated, and the samples
will be returned to the researchers for post-flight analyses.

     Principal Investigator for the CMIX payload is Dr.
Marian Lewis of the UAH CMDS.  Dr. Charles Lundquist is
Director of the UAH CMDS.  John Cassanto, President,
Instrumentation Technology Associates, Inc., is co-
investigator.

CRYSTAL VAPOR TRANSPORT EXPERIMENT

     NASA's Office of Commercial Programs is sponsoring the
Crystal Vapor Transport Experiment (CVTE) payload, developed
by Boeing Defense & Space Group, Missiles & Space Division,
Kent, Wash.

     The Boeing-designed crystal growth experiment will
enable scientists to learn more about growing larger and more
uniform industrial crystals for use in producing faster and
more capable semiconductors.  The CVTE equipment designed to
produce these crystals is a precursor to the kinds of
scientific work planned to take place aboard Space Station
Freedom later this decade.

     This experiment is important to the semiconductor
industry because the ability of semiconductors to process and
store information is dependent on the quality of the crystals
used.  Thus, large, uniform crystals grown in space may lead
to greater speed and capability of computers, sensors and
other electronic devices.

     Although materials scientists have succeeded in
producing very high-quality silicon found in today's computer
chips, certain effects caused by Earth's gravitational pull -
- known as thermal convection, buoyancy and sedimentation --
have limited scientists' ability to produce more advanced
materials on Earth.

     Thermal convection is turbulence induced by variations
in densities caused by the temperature differences that occur
in a material when it's heated.  Buoyancy and sedimentation
is a similar phenomenon, created by Earth's gravitational
pull, that makes less dense materials rise (buoyancy) and
denser materials sink (sedimentation).  Because of these
gravity-induced phenomena, crystals grown on Earth are
smaller and less ordered, containing imperfections that limit
the capability of transistors, sensors and other types of
electronic devices.

     In the microgravity environment of space, the Boeing
CVTE system will attempt to grow purer and more uniform
crystals using a cadmium telluride compound and a process
called vapor transport.

     The cadmium telluride compound is a solid, sealed inside
a glass tube placed inside the CVTE furnace and heated to 850
degrees Celsius.  When heated, the compound evaporates and
forms two gaseous materials:  cadmium and tellurium.  This
process is reversed during crystallization.  Both evaporation
and crystallization processes occur in the CVTE glass tube.

     Cadmium telluride vaporizes at one end of the glass tube
and crystallizes at the other.  By carefully controlling the
temperatures and temperature profile inside the glass tube,
large single crystals can be produced.  The high temperature
used in this experiment is expected to produce samples as
large in diameter as a dime -- whereas previous crystal-
growth facilities only have been able to grow samples about
the size of a pencil eraser.

     Unlike previous, fully automated crystal-growth
experiments conducted in space, the Boeing experiment will be
tended by the orbiter crew.  The CVTE system has a
transparent window allowing the crew to observe the growing
crystal and adjust its position and furnace temperature to
achieve optimum growth.

     STS-52 astronauts Bill Shepherd and Mike Baker trained
with Boeing scientists to learn to work the CVTE equipment.
By having the astronauts monitor and observe the on-orbit
crystal growth, it is hoped that they might be able to better
interpret the resulting data and ultimately help industry
produce superior crystals.

     In addition to the astronauts monitoring the experiment,
NASA still cameras will document, every several minutes, the
rate of crystal growth.  Scientists later will use these
photos to further analyze the crystal's growth.

     The CVTE system is accommodated in a structure about the
size of a telephone booth, which will be installed in the
galley area of the Shuttle orbiter mid-deck.

     Principal investigators for CVTE are Dr. R. T. Ruggeri
and Dr. Ching-Hua Su, both of Boeing.  The CVTE Program
Manager is Barbara Heizer and the Chief Engineer is David
Garman, both of Boeing.

COMMERCIAL PROTEIN CRYSTAL GROWTH

     The Commercial Protein Crystal Growth (CPCG) payload is
sponsored by NASA's Office of Commercial Programs.  Program
management and development of the CPCG experiments is
provided by the Center for Macromolecular Crystallography
(CMC), a NASA Center for the Commercial Development of Space
(CCDS) based at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.  The
CMC's goal is to develop the technology and applications
needed for successful space-based protein crystal growth
(PCG).


     Metabolic processes involving proteins play an essential
role in the living of our lives from providing nourishment to
fighting disease.  Protein crystal growth investigations are
conducted in space because space-grown crystals tend to be
larger, purer and more highly structured than their ground-
based counterparts.  Having high-quality protein crystals to
study is important because they greatly facilitate studies of
protein structures.  Scientists want to learn about a
protein's three-dimensional structure to understand how it
works, how to reproduce it or how to change it.  Such
information is a key to developing new and more effective
pharmaceuticals.

     The technique most-widely used to determine a protein's
three-dimensional structure is x-ray crystallography, which
needs large, well-ordered crystals for analysis.  While
crystals produced on Earth often are large enough to analyze,
usually they have numerous gravity-induced flaws.  By
comparison, space-grown crystals tend to be purer and have
more highly-ordered structures, significantly enhancing x-ray
crystallography studies.  Besides the increased size and
quality, space-grown crystals are important because they may
be the first crystals large enough to reveal their structure
through x-ray analysis.

     With the tremendous role that proteins play in everyday
life, research in this area is quickly becoming a viable
commercial industry.  In fact, the profit potential for
commercial applications has attracted firms in the
pharmaceutical, biotechnological and chemical industries.  In
response to industry interest, the CMC has formed
affiliations with a variety of companies that are investing
substantial amounts of time, research and funding in
developing protein samples for use in evaluating the benefits
of microgravity.

     For the past 10 years, exponential growth in protein
pharmaceuticals has resulted in the successful use of
proteins such as insulin, interferons, human growth hormone
and tissue plasminogen activator.  Pure, well-ordered protein
crystals of uniform size are in demand by the pharmaceutical
industry as tools for drug discovery and drug delivery.

     Structural information gained from CPCG activities can
provide, among other information, a better understanding of
the body's immune system, and ultimately aid in the design of
safe and effective treatment for disease and infections.  For
these reasons, CPCG crystal structure studies have been
conducted on 7 Shuttle missions starting in 1988.

     During 1991 and 1992, other CPCG experiments were
conducted on three Shuttle missions, and successful results
were obtained using a CMC-developed hardware configuration
know as the Protein Crystallization Facility (PCF).  These
efforts focused on the production of relatively large
quantities of crystals that were pure and uniform in size.
The space-grown crystals were much larger than their Earth-
grown counterparts.

     On STS-52, the CPCG flight hardware will consist of the
PCF and the third flight of a newly-designed, "state-of-the-
art" Commercial Refrigerator/Incubator Module (CRIM).  Its
thermal profile is programmed prior to launch, and it
monitors and records CRIM temperatures during flight.

     The objectives for producing protein crystals using the
PCF hardware are to grow them in large batches and to use
temperature as the means to initiate and control crystal
growth.  Using temperature as an activator in the
microgravity environment of space is advantageous because
essentially no temperature-induced convection currents are
generated to interfere with protein crystal growth.

     The PCF, as used in two past missions, comprises four
plastic cylinders.  Each PCF cylinder is encapsulated within
individual aluminum containment tubes supported by an
aluminum structure.  Prior to launch, the cylinders will be
filled with protein solution and mounted into a CRIM.  Each
cylinder lid will pass through the left wall of the aluminum
structure and come into contact with a temperature-controlled
plate inside the CRIM.  As configured for the STS-52 mission,
the PCF will comprise 50-milliliter cylinders.

     Shortly after achieving orbit, the crew will activate
the experiment by initiating the pre-programmed temperature
profile.  The CRIM temperature will be changed gradually over
several days to cause the protein solution to form protein
crystals.  The change in CRIM temperature will be transferred
from the temperature-controlled plate through the cylinder
lids to the protein solution.

     Changing the solution temperature will allow crystals to
form and based on previous experience, these crystals will be
well-ordered due to a reduction in the damaging effects of
the Earth's gravity.  Once activated, the payload will not
require any further crew interaction except for periodic
monitoring, nor will it require any modifications for
landing.

     Due to the protein's short lifetime and the crystals'
resulting instability, the payload will be retrieved from the
Shuttle within 3 hours of landing and returned to the CMC for
post-flight analyses.  The crystals will be analyzed by
morphometry to determine size distribution and
absolute/relative crystal size.  They also will be analyzed
with x-ray crystallography and biochemical assays of purity
to determine internal molecular order and protein
homogeneity.

     The CPCG activities associated with the STS-52 mission
are sponsored by NASA's Office of Commercial Programs.  Lead
investigators for the experiment include CMC Director Dr.
Charles Bugg, CMC Deputy Director Dr. Lawrence DeLucas and
CMC Associate Director Dr. Marianna Long.

     Principal Investigators for CVTE are Dr. R. T. Ruggeri
and Dr. Ching-Hua Su, both of Boeing.  The CVTE Program
Manager is Barbara Heizer and the Chief Engineer is David
Garman, both work for Boeing.




STS-52 CREW BIOGRAPHIES

     James (Jim) D. Wetherbee, 39, U.S. Navy Commander, is
Commander of Columbia's 13th space mission.  Selected to be
an astronaut in 1984, Wetherbee, from Flushing, N.Y., is
making his second Shuttle flight.

     Wetherbee served as Pilot on Columbia's STS-32 mission
in January 1990 to rendezvous with and retrieve the Long
Duration Exposure Facility and to deploy a Navy
communications satellite.

     A graduate of Holy Family Diocesan High School in South
Huntington, N.Y., in 1970, Wetherbee received a bachelor of
science degree in Aerospace Engineering from the University
of Notre Dame in 1974.

     He was commissioned in the U.S. Navy in 1975 and was
designated a Naval Aviator in 1976.  He has logged more than
3,500 hours flying time in 20 different types of aircraft.
His first Shuttle mission lasted 261 hours.

     Michael (Mike) A. Baker, 38, U.S. Navy Captain, is Pilot
of STS-52.  From Lemoore, Calif., he was selected as an
astronaut candidate in 1985 and flew his first Shuttle
mission aboard Atlantis' STS-43 mission in August 1991.

     As a crewmember on that flight, Baker helped in
conducting 32 experiments as well as the primary mission to
deploy a Tracking and Data Relay Satellite.

     Baker graduated from Lemoore Union High School in 1971
and received a bachelor of science degree in Aerospace
Engineering from the University of Texas in 1975.

     He completed flight training in 1977 and has logged more
than 3,600 hours flying time in almost 50 types of aircraft.
Baker logged more than 213 hours in space on his first
Shuttle mission.

     Charles L. (Lacy) Veach, 48, is Mission Specialist 1.
Prior to being selected as an astronaut in 1984, he served as
an instructor pilot in the Shuttle Training Aircraft used to
train pilot astronauts to land the Space Shuttle.  Veach from
Honolulu, Haw., previously was a mission specialist on STS-39
in April 1991.

     Veach was responsible for operating a group of
instruments in support of the unclassified Department of
Defense mission aboard Discovery to better understand rocket
plume signatures in space as part of the Strategic Defense
Initiative.

     A graduate of Punahou School in Honolulu, Veach received
a bachelor of science degree in Engineering Management from
the U.S. Air Force Academy in 1966.

     He was commissioned in the Air Force after graduation
and received his pilot wings at Moody AFB, Ga., in 1967.
Veach has logged more than 5,000 hours in various aircraft.
His first Shuttle mission lasted more than 199 hours.

     William M. Shepherd, 43, Navy Captain, is Mission
Specialist 2.  He was selected as an astronaut in 1984 and is
from Babylon, N.Y.  STS-52 is Shepherd's third Space Shuttle
flight.

     He served as a mission specialist on Atlantis' STS-27
mission, a Department of Defense flight in December 1988.
His second flight also was as a mission specialist on STS-41,
a Discovery flight in October 1990 to deploy the Ulysses
spacecraft designed to explore the polar regions of the Sun.

     Shepherd graduated from Arcadia High School, Scottsdale,
Ariz., in 1967 and received a bachelor of science degree in
Aerospace Engineering from the Naval Academy in 1971.  In
1978 he received the degrees of Ocean Engineer and master of
science in Mechanical Engineering from the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology.

     Prior to joining NASA, Shepherd served with the Navy's
Underwater Demolition Team, Seal Team and Special Boat Unit.
He has logged more than 203 hours in space.

     Tamara (Tammy) E. Jernigan, 33, is Mission Specialist 3.
Born in Chattanooga, Tenn.,  she was selected to be an
astronaut in 1985.  She first flew on Columbia's STS-40
Spacelab Life Sciences-1 mission.

     As a mission specialist, Jernigan participated in
experiments to better understand how the human body adapts to
the space environment and then readapts to Earth's gravity.
The Spacelab mission was the first dedicated to life sciences
aboard the Shuttle.

     She graduated from Sante Fe High School in Santa Fe
Springs, Calif., in 1977.  She received a bachelor of science
degree in Physics and a master of science degree in
Engineering Science from Stanford University in 1981 and
1983.  Jernigan also received a master of science degree in
Astronomy from the University of California-Berkeley in 1985
and a doctorate in Space Physics and Astronomy from Rice
University in 1988.

     Prior to becoming an astronaut, Jernigan worked in the
Theoretical Studies Branch at NASA's Ames Research Center.
With her first Shuttle mission, Jernigan has logged more than
218 hours in space.

     Steven (Steve) Glenwood MacLean, 37, is Payload
Specialist 1.  Born in Ottawa, Ontario, he will be making his
first Shuttle flight.

     MacLean attended primary and secondary school in Ottawa
and received a bachelor of science degree in Honours Physics
and doctorate in Physics from York University in 1977 and
1983, respectively.

     He was one of six Canadian astronauts selected in
December 1983.  He was designated as the payload specialist
to fly with the CANEX-2 set of Canadian experiments
manifested on the STS-52 flight.

     MacLean is currently actively involved in the
development of space technology, space science, materials
processing and life sciences experiments that he will perform
in space on the mission.  He is astronaut advisor to the
Strategic Technologies in the Automation and Robotics Program
and Program Manager of the Advanced Space Vision System being
flown on the mission.




MISSION MANAGEMENT FOR STS-52

NASA HEADQUARTERS, WASHINGTON, D.C.

Office of Space Flight
Jeremiah W. Pearson III - Associate Administrator
Brian O'Connor - Deputy Associate Administrator
Tom Utsman - Director, Space Shuttle

Office of Space Science
Dr. Lennard A. Fisk - Associate Administrator
Alphonso V. Diaz - Deputy Associate Administrator
Dr. Shelby G. Tilford - Director, Earth Science
                        and Applications
Robert Benson - Director, Flight Systems
Robert Rhome - Director, Microgravity Science and
                         Applications
Louis Caudill - LAGEOS II Program Manager
Dr. Miriam Baltuck - LAGEOS II Program Scientist
David Jarrett - USMP-1 Program Manager

Office of Commercial Programs
John G. Mannix - Assistant Administrator
Richard H. Ott - Director, Commercial Development Division
Garland C. Misener - Chief, Flight Requirements and
                     Accommodations
Ana M. Villamil - Program Manager, Centers for the Commercial
                  Development of Space
Raymond P. Whitten - Director, Commercial Infrastructure

Office of Safety and Mission Quality

Col. Federick Gregory - Associate Administrator
Dr. Charles Pellerin, Jr. - Deputy Associate Administrator
Richard Perry - Director, Programs Assurance

Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology

Richard H. Petersen - Associate Administrator
Gregory M. Reck - Director for Space Technology
Jack Levine - Manager, Space Experiments Office
Arthur R. Lee - Program Manager, Heat Pipe Performance
                Experiment
Richard A. Gualdoni - Program Manager, Tank Pressure Control
                      Experiment/Thermal Phenomena


KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA.

Robert L. Crippen - Director
James A. "Gene" Thomas - Deputy Director
Jay F. Honeycutt - Director, Shuttle Management and
                    Operations
Robert B. Sieck - Launch Director
Bascom Murrah - Columbia Flow Director
J. Robert Lang - Director, Vehicle Engineering
Al J. Parrish - Director of Safety Reliability and
                Quality Assurance
John T. Conway - Director, Payload Management and Operations
P. Thomas Breakfield - Director, Shuttle Payload Operations
Joanne H. Morgan - Director, Payload Project Management
Mike Kinnan - STS-52 Payload Processing Manager

MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER, HUNTSVILLE, ALA.

Thomas J. Lee - Director
Dr. J. Wayne Littles - Deputy Director
Harry G. Craft - Manager, Payload Projects Office
Alexander A. McCool - Manager, Shuttle Projects Office
Dr. George McDonough - Director, Science and Engineering
James H., Ehl - Director, Safety and Mission Assurance
Otto Goetz - Manager, Space Shuttle Main Engine Project
Victor Keith Henson - Manager, Redesigned Solid Rocket
                      Motor Project
Cary H. Rutland - Manager, Solid Rocket Booster Project
Parker Counts - Manager, External Tank Project
R. E. Valentine - Mission Manager, USMP-1
Sherwood Anderson - Asst. Mission Manager
Dr. S. L. Lehoczky - Mission Scientist, USMP-1
Dr. M. Volz - Asst. Mission Scientist
Lyne Luna - Payload Operations Lead
Rose Cramer - Payload Operations Lead

JOHNSON SPACE CENTER, HOUSTON

Aaron Cohen - Director
Paul J. Weitz - Acting Director
Daniel Germany - Manager, Orbiter and GFE Projects
Donald Puddy - Director, Flight Crew Operations
Eugene F. Kranz - Director, Mission Operations
Henry O. Pohl - Director, Engineering
Charles S. Harlan - Director, Safety, Reliability and Quality
Assurance

STENNIS SPACE CENTER, BAY ST LOUIS, MISS.

Roy S. Estess - Director
Gerald Smith - Deputy Director
J. Harry Guin - Director, Propulsion Test Operations



AMES-DRYDEN FLIGHT RESEARCH FACILITY, EDWARDS, CALIF.

Kenneth J. Szalai - Director
T. G. Ayers - Deputy Director
James R. Phelps - Chief, Shuttle Support Office

AMES RESEARCH CENTER, MOUNTAIN VIEW, CALIF.

Dr. Dale L. Compton - Director
Victor L. Peterson - Deputy Director
Dr. Joseph C. Sharp - Director, Space Research

GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER, GREENBELT, MD.

Dr. John M. Klineberg - Director
Peter T. Burr - Deputy Director
Vernon J. Weyers - Director, Flight Projects Directorate
Jerre Hartman - Project Manager, International Projects
James P. Murphy - Deputy Project Manager for LAGEOS
Dr. Ronald Kolenkiewicz - Project Scientist

ITALIAN SPACE AGENCY

Professor Luciano Guerriero - President, Italian Space Agency
Professor Carlo Buongiorno - Director General, Italian
                             Space Agency
Cesare Albanesi - Program Manager, Lageos II, Italian
                                   Space Agency
Giovanni Rum - Program Manager, IRIS, Italian Space Agency
Dr. Roberto Ibba - Mission Manager, Lageos II/IRIS

CANADIAN SPACE AGENCY

W. MacDonald Evans -  Vice President, Operations
Bruce A. Aikenhead -  CANEX-II Program Manager And Director-
General,              Astronaut Program
Bjami V. Tryggvason - Alternate Payload Specialist
                      and Payload Operations Director